White cottony fungal growth seen on diseased grass blades in the early morning is an example of a:
- Symptom
- Vector
- Disorder
- Sign
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D. Sign
A sign is the pathogen itself or its parts, such as mycelium, spores or fruiting bodies. A symptom is the plant's reaction, such as a leaf spot, wilting or yellowing.
Reference: Ornamental and turf category manual: plant diseases
Roughly circular brown patches up to several feet across appear in a heavily fertilized tall fescue lawn during hot, humid weather with warm nights. The disease is most likely:
- Brown patch
- Dollar spot
- Gray snow mold
- Powdery mildew
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A. Brown patch
Brown patch (Rhizoctonia) is favored by hot days, warm humid nights, long leaf wetness and lush growth from heavy nitrogen. Dollar spot makes much smaller spots and is associated with low nitrogen.
Reference: Ornamental and turf category manual: plant diseases
Bleached, straw-colored spots 2 to 4 inches across are scattered over an underfertilized lawn. Blades at the edge have tan lesions with reddish-brown borders. The disease is:
- Brown patch
- Pythium blight
- Dollar spot
- Fairy ring
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C. Dollar spot
Dollar spot produces small sunken spots and hourglass-shaped leaf lesions with reddish-brown margins, and it is worst on nitrogen-deficient turf with heavy dew. Brown patch forms much larger patches under high nitrogen.
Reference: Ornamental and turf category manual: plant diseases